OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on inflammatory factor， airway anatomy and lung function of children with cough variant asthma. METHODS： A total of 86 children with cough variant asthma selected from our hospital during Apr. 2010 to Aug. 2015 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table， with 43 cases in each group. Control group was given Budesonide aerosol 0.4 mg， bid； observation group was given Montelukast sodium chewable tablets with different dose according to age （4 mg for 2-6 year-old， tid； 5 mg for 7-12 year-old， tid）. A treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 4 weeks， and both groups received 2 courses of treatment. The levels of inflammatory factor， airway anatomy and lung function indexes were detected in 2 groups before and after treatment， and the occurrence of ADR was also observed. RESULTS： Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in above indexes between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. Compared to before treatment， the levels of IL-4， IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α and hs-CRP in 2 groups were decreased significantly after treatment； airway wall thickness， basement membrane thickness， airway wall thickness/outside diameter ratio， total area of airway wall， total area of airway wall/total area of airway were decreased significantly， while FVC， FEV1， FEV1/FVC， PEF were increased significantly； the indexes in observation group were significantly better than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： For pediatric cough variant asthma， montelukast can significantly improve inflammatory reaction， airway status and lung function with good safety.