OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprints of taproot and rhizome of Paenoia lactiflora， and to compare the similarity and difference of them. METHODS： The determination was performed on Phenomenex C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using paeoniflorin as reference， HPLC chromatograms of the taproot and rhizome of P. lactiflora were established. Common peak identification and similarity evaluation were performed by using TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition）. RESULTS： There were 9 common peaks in HPLC chromatograms of taproot and rhizome of P. lactiflora. The similarity of taproot with rhizome of P. lactiflora was higher  than 0.9. CONCLUSIONS： Established fingerprints can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of P. lactiflora. The effective constituent of taproot and rhizome of P. lactiflora are uniform but have small difference.