OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacies of perioperative application of single-dose and multiple-dose of antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection after closed fractures patients receive incision and internal fixation， and to provide evidence-based reference. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， EMBase， CBM， Cochrane Library， CBM， CJFD， VIP and Wanfang database， RCTs about perioperative application of single-dose （trial group） and multiple-dose （control group） of antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection after closed fractures patients receive incision and internal fixation were collected. Meta-analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation by improved Jadad. RESULTS： Finally 8 clinical studies were included， involving 3 457 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the rate of surgical site infection [OR＝1.02，95％ CI（0.63，1.66），P＝0.94）]. Cefazolin stadies were included in subgroup analysis according to drug use， and results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the rate of surgical site infection[OR＝1.33，95％CI（0.55，3.20），P＝0.52]. CONCLUSIONS： Prophylactic application of single-dose of antibiotics is recommended for preventing surgical site infection after closed fractures patients receive incision and internal fixation.