OBJECTIVE： To investigate the use of prophylactic use of antibiotics for special diagnosis and treatment in our hospital， and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS： The patients receiving special diagnosis and treatment were collected from our hospital during Jan.-Aug. 2016. The prophylactic application of antibiotics was analyzed statistically. RESULTS： Among 149 included patients， there were 62 cases of prophylactic use of antibiotics with utilization rate of 41.61％. Among 62 patients receiving antibiotics， 5 cases were given medicine orally and others were via injection. Nine categories 18 types of antibiotics were used， involving 69 times； cephalosporin were used in 49 times （71.01％）， among which top 3 types in the list of use sequence were cefodizime， cefotetan and cefazolin； prophylactic use of antibiotics was not found in angiography （including coronary artery） and stent implantation. Utilization rate of antibiotics for other diagnosis and treatment was more than 50％. The prophylactic use of antibiotics was complex in ureteroscopy and cystoscopy， shock wave lithotripsy； the selection of drug types started from the high level. There were 59 cases of single drug （95.16％） and 3 cases of two-drug （4.84％）. Total of 41 cases were given medicine 0.5-2 h before surgery or at the beginning of anaesthesia （66.13％）. Medication time of 18 cases was ≤24 h （29.03％）； that of 11 cases was ＞24-48 h （17.74％）. CONCLUSIONS： The prophylactic use of antibiotics is relatively standard in angiography （including coronary artery）， stent implantation and implantation of peritoneal dialysis tube in our hospital. There are some problems during special diagnosis and treatment， such as the indication of drug delivery is not strict； the selection of drug types starts from the high level； medication timing is not suitable； medication course is excessively long.