OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of levocarnitine on peripheral blood T cell subsets and inflammatory factors in diabetic patients underwent peritoneal dialysis. METHODS： A total of 100 diabetic patients underwent peritoneal dialysis in selected as research objects were divided into conventional therapy group and levocarnitine group according to random number table， with 50 cases in each group. Conventional therapy group received peritoneal dialysis and conventional therapy. Levocarnitine group was additionally given levocarnitine 1.0 g added into 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection 20 mL intravenously， 3 times a week， on the basis of conventional therapy group for 12 weeks. CD3+， CD4+， the proportion of Th1 and Th2， the contents of TNF-α， INF-γ， IL-10 and IL-4 in supernatant were all detected before and after treatment. The expression of T-bet and GATA-3 were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS： After treatment， CD3+， CD4+， Th2 cells， GATA-3 expression and IL-10， IL-4 levels were significantly increased， the expression of Th1 cells， T-bet content and TNF-α and INF-γ were significantly reduced， and levcarnitine group was significantly better than conrentional therapy group， with statistically significant （P＜0.05）.  CONCLUSIONS：  Levocarnitine can improve inflammatory reaction and the expression of related transcription factors by promoting T cell subsets and Th1/Th2 cell subsets.