OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for further implementation and perfection of National Essential Medicine System. METHODS： Stratified random sampling method was used to select 252 doctors from Sichuan Luzhou. Questionnaire survey was performed among them about recognition and behavior of them to National Essential Medicine System. Related investigation data was analyzed statistically. RESULTS： A total of 252 questionnaires were issued and 243 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 96.4％. Of 242 respondents who had heard of National Essential Medicine System， the respondents who had heard but not clear occupied the highest percentage （52.1％）. Of 149 participants who had participated in national essential medicine knowledge training or study， the proportion of “only one knowledge training or study” was the highest （57.0％）. The survey respondents had a maximum of 45.0％ and a minimum of 16.5％ of common sense about National Essential Medicine System. After the implementation of National Essential Medicine System， respondents often propagandized National Essential Medicine System to diagnosis and treatment objects accounted for only 23.1％. The proportion of “no change” chosen for items of work motivation， work efficiency and workload was the highest （all occupied 58.3％）； the proportion of “little influence” chosen for item of clinical medication habit was the highest （38.8％）. 86.4％ of respondents were willing to give priority to the use of national essential medicines； the top 4 reasons were “to obtain training and guidance on the use of essential medicines” “to set utilization rate of essential medicines in primary health care institutions” “to strengthen the propaganda of National Essential Medicine System” “to evaluate physician’s prescriptions regularly”. 13.6％ were not willing to give priority to the use of national essential medicines； the top 4 reasons were “lack of the confidence of the use of national essential medicines” “poor accessibility of essential medicines” “fear of medical accidents due to prescription essential medicines， lead to medical disputes” “don’t know what is essential medicine”. CONCLUSIONS： The primary physicians’ perceptions of National Essential Medicine System and the implementation of the System in Luzhou need to be strengthened. The main reason is that few national essential medicine knowledge training or study and poor effects. That the government’s supporting policy is not perfect may be one of reasons.