OBJECTIVE： To construct the structure equation model for the burden of chronic disease inpatients in primary hospital before and after the implementation of zero price policy， and analyze the changes of burden factor loading. METHODS： 6 primary hospitals were randomly selected in Danyang， Jiangsu province. The data of hospitalization expenses for chronic diseases （hypertension， diabetes， bronchitis） were collected before and after the implementation of zero price policy. Using drug cost， nursing fees， inspection fees and treatment fees as independent variables， hospitalization burden as latent variable， SPSS and AMOS 24.0 software were adopted to establish the model. RESULTS： The burden factor loading of inpatients changed greatly before and after the implementation of zero price policy. χ2＝24.586，χ2/df＝1.446，  RMSEA＝0.019， GFI＝0.995，AGFI＝0.989，CFI＝0.988，NFI＝0.963 manifested good model fitting. Factor loading of drug cost increased greatly， indicating the burden of inpatients was reduced after the implementation of zero price policy. Factor loading of inspection fees and treatment fees increased significantly， the characterization effects of them to the burden of inpatients were enhanced. Factor loading of nursing fees was the lowest， and it had the weakest effects on the burden of inpatients， of which the government should enhance the regulation. CONCLUSIONS： Established model has good reliability and validity. It can reflect the change of burden factor loading of inpatients before and after the implementation of zero price policy.