OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of alprostadil combined with papaverine on blood coagulation indexes and complications in uremic hemodialysis patients after initial arteriovenous fistula. METHODS：One hundred and eighteen uremic hemodialysis patients undergoing initial arteriovenous fistula in our hospital during Feb.-Jun. 2015 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table， with 59 cases in each group. Both groups received local irradiation with hemodialysis internal fistula repair instrument 30 min， tid， from 3 days before surgery to 10 days after surgery. Control group was treated with Alprostadil injection 10 μg， iv， qd， immediately after surgery. Observation group was additionally treated with Papaverine injection 30 mg， iv， qd， on the basis of control group. Both groups received treatment for 10 d. The orificium fistulae blood flow， hemodialysis blood flow and the time of initial hemodialysis were compared between 2 group. The plasma prothrombin time （PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， fibrinogen （Fib）， platelet count （PLT） and C-reactive protein （CRP） levels were observed in 2 groups before and after surgery. The occarrence of postoperative complications was observed. RESULTS： The orificium fistulae blood flow and hemodialysis blood flow of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group， and initial hemodialysis time was significantly shorter than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. Before surgery， there was no statistical significance in PT， APTT， Fib， PLT and CRP between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After surgery， APTT and CRP of 2 groups were increased significantly， Fib was decreased significantly； the above indexes of observation group was significantly better than that of control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in PT， PLT between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of  internal fistula infection and postoperative wound bleeding volume＞10 mL between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. The incidence of internal fistula occlusion and orificium fistulae thrombus in observation group were significantly lower than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The application of alprostadil combined papaverine on uremic hemodialysis patients after initial arteriovenous fistula can effectively prevent inflammation reaction， fistula thrombus formation and fistula occlusion， and improve the maturation of fistula.