OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of pharmaceutical care on blood glucose control and medication compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS： Nighty-two discharged patients with diabetes mellitus in our hospital from Apr. to Sept. 2015 were divided into intervention group and control group by random number table method， with 46 cases in each group. Both groups were given Chlorpropamide tablets+Metformin glibenclamide tablets （Ⅰ） for 3 months； intervention group additionally received pharmaceutical care as medication education， telephone follow-up， etc. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose， medication compliance were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS： Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose， or medication compliance between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose in 2 groups were significantly decreased， and the intervention group was significantly lower than control group； the effects of blood glucose control in patients younger than 60 years old were better than in patients older than 60 years old， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. After one month of treatment， the proportion of good medication compliance were increased significantly in 2 groups， and the intervention group was significantly higher than control group. After 3 months of treatment， the proportion of good medication compliance in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment， and 1 month after treatment， while the intervention group was significantly higher than control group. The improvement of medication compliance in patients younger than 60 years old was better than in patients older than 60 years old， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Pharmaceutical care contributes to blood glucose control and improves the medication compliance， especially for those younger than 60 years old.