OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the economics of caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of febrile neutropenia （FN）. METHODS： Based on two international multiple center clinical trials about caspofungin vs. voriconazole in initial empirical antifungal therapy of FN， combined with domestic clinical experts’ opinions about  drug selection， a decision tree model was developed. TreeAge Pro 2011 software was used to analyze the cost and effectiveness of 10-day therapy of caspofungin or voriconazole as initial empirical antifungal therapy.  RESULTS： The direct medical cost of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group （52 826.71 yuan vs. 58 246.70 yuan）. The success rate and survival rate were higher than voriconazole group （33.95％ vs. 25.63％、92.36％ vs. 91.87％）. Whether the success rate or the survival rate of patients as the effect indicators， cost-effectiveness ratio of caspofungin group was lower than that of voriconazole group. Moreover， incremental cost effectiveness ratio and sensitivity analysis confirmed this conclusion. CONCLUSIONS： Caspofungin has more advantages than voriconazole in cost and effectiveness as initial empirical antifungal therapy in patients with FN.