OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for analyzing the volatile oil of high-yield and high-oil Curcuma kwangsiensis， and to provide reference for its breeding. METHODS： GC-MS was performed on the column of HP-5MS quartz elastic capillary column， carrier gas was high purity helium （99.999％）， flow rate was 1.0 ml/min， inlet temperature was 250 ℃， the initial temperature of column was 50 ℃ （temperature programmed）， split injection with split ratio of 10 ∶ 1. Mass spectrometry conditions： ionization mode was the electron impact ion source， ionization energy was 70 eV， the ion source temperature was 230 ℃， the quadrupole temperature was 150 ℃，  transmission line temperature was 280 ℃， the electron multiplier voltage was 1 588 V， and mass scanning range was m/z 45 to 500. High-yield and high-oil germplasm of were screened from 100 different germplasms， the volatile oil composition of single plant and relative percentage contents of each composition were compared， SPSS 22.0 software was used for cluster analysis. RESULTS： Totally 10 high-yield and high-oil germplasm were screened， 54 kinds of compounds were identified， the common compositions of 10 different germplasms were camphor， 1-caryophyllene， γ-elemene， curcumene， gemma ketone and new curdione， most germplasms contained borneol， isoborneol， δ-elemene， germacrene and calamine. The C78， C104， purpose 2， volatile oil content and relative percentage contents of active compositions in volatile oil were high. The 10 high-yield and high-oil germplasms can be divided into 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS： The study basically clears the main chemical composition of volatile oil of high-yield and high-oil C. kwangsiensis， C78， C104 and purpose 2 are the more excellent strains in high-yield and high-oil C. Kwangsiensis germplasm.