OBJECTIVE： To observe long-term efficacy of intensive rosuvastatin therapy in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome （ACS） and explore its possible mechanism， so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS： ACS patients receiving rosuvastatin after cured in our hospital during Jan. 2013-Jan. 2015 were divided into observation group （55 cases） and control group （47 cases） according to the dose of rosuvastatin. Under same guidance of physicans， 2 groups were additionally given Rosuvastatin calcium tablets （20 mg for observation group， 10 mg for control group， qd， po） orally on the basis of routine treatment. Both groups were treated for 1 year. The incidence of 1-year accumulative main adverse cardiac event （MACE） were compared between 2 groups as well as the levels of blood lipid and serum cytokines， the occurrence of ADR before treatment， after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS： The incidence of accumulative MACE in observation group was significantly lower than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the levels of TC and LDL-C in 2 groups were decreased significantly； the level of LDL-C was inCreased significantly compared to before treatment， and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in 2 groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The peripheral blood LDL-C was positively correlated with IL-1β and TNF-α in observation group after treatment， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Intensive rosuvastatin therapy can significantly improve the long-term prognosis for ACS patients， which may associate with lipid metabolic regulation and anti-inflammatory effect.