OBJECTIVE： To establish the HPLC fingerprint and determine the contents of astilbin and resveratrol in Amilacis rhizoma. METHODS： HPLC was performed on the column of Zorbax SB-C18 with the mobile phase of methanol-0.2％ acetic acid solution （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min， the detection wavelength was 306 nm， column temperature was 30 ℃，and injection volume was 20 μl. With reference of astilbin， the similarity analysis was conducted for the HPLC chromatograms of 13 batches of samples by using TCM Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System（2004 A edition）. RESULTS： There were totally 12 common peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of 13 batches of samples， similarities were all higher than 0.90. The linear range was 6.65-425.6 μg/ml for astilbin （r＝0.999 9） and 1.72-110 μg/ml for resveratrol（r＝0.999 9）； RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0％； recoveries were 97.30％-102.30％（RSD＝1.97％，n＝6） and 98.12％-104.02％（RSD＝2.57％，n＝6）. CONCLUSIONS： The established fingerprint can provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of S. rhizoma， the method is simple with good precision， stability and reproducibility， and can be used for the identification of S. rhizoma simultaneous determination of astilbin and resveratrol in S. rhizoma.