OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects and safety of initial high-dose and rapid increase regimen of amino acids on growth and development of premature infants. METHODS： 86 cases of preterm infants were divided into group A（46 cases） and B（40 cases） according to the intravenous infusion regimen of amino acids in 24 h after birth. Group A was given amino acids with initial high-dose of 2.4 g/kg， increasing by 0.5 g/（kg·d） progressively； group B was given rapid increase regimen of amino acids with initial dose of 1.5 g/kg， increasing by 1.0 g/（kg·d） progressively. The terminal dose of 2 groups was 3.6 g/（kg·d）. The growth and development index， were compared between 2 groups after treatment as well as intravenous nutrition， the length of NICU and hospital stay， treatment cost and the levels of prealbumin （PA）， motlin （MOT） and plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， nitrogen balance index within one week of treatment. Feeding intolerance and the incidence of complications were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS： There was no statistical significance in the increase of average height and head circumference in 1 week between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. The time of returning to birth weight， length of stay in NICU， duration of intravenous nutrition， length and costs of hospital stay in group A was shorter or less than group B， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in PA level between 2 groups in 1，7 d after treatment （P＞0.05）； MOT and VIP of group A were increased significantly and higher than those of group B， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The nitrogen balance of group A was better than that of group B within 1 week， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The incidence of feeding intolerance in group A was 4.35％， which was significantly lower than in group B （20.0％）， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of complications between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Compared with rapid increase regimen， initial high-dose regimen of amino acids can enhance feeding tolerance， improve the nutritional status， shorten the length of hospital stay reduce the cost of treatmend with good safety.