OBJECTIVE： To observe the protection effects of Metformin combined with Calcitriol on renal functiou and retina in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS： 80 patients with type 2 diabetes with early diabetic nephropathy and mild-to-moderate non proliferative retinopathy were randomly divided into control group （40 cases） and observation group （40 cases）. Control group received Metformin hydrochloride tablet with initial dose of 0.5 g， twice a day during a meal， increased 0.5 g every week， then gradually increased to 2 g every day； observation group additionally received Calcitriol soft capsule， 0.25 μg/times， once a day. The treatment lasted and followed-up for 6 months. Efficacy of retinopathy， blood glucose levels [2 h postprandial blood glucose （2 h PG）， blood glucose （FPG）]， renal function indexes [urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （ACR）， urinary albumin excretion rate （UAER）， proteinuria （Pr）]， vision and visual field defects， fundus angiography before and after treatment， and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS： The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than in control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Before treatment， there were no significant differences in the 2 h PG， FPG， ACR， UAER， Pr， vision and visual field defects between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， 2 h PG， FPG were significantly lower than before；ACR， Pr， UAER， average value of visual field defects， fundus angiography and bleeding area were significantly lower than before， and observation group was lower than control group； vision was significantly higher than before， and observation group was higher than control group. The differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. There was respectively 1 patient showed slight adverse reactions in both groups. CONCLUSIONS： Metformin combined with Calcitriol has certain protection effect on the renal function and retina in patients with type 2 diabetes， it can reduce 2 h PG， FPG， ACR， Pr， UAER， average value of visual field defects， fundus angiography and bleeding area of patients and improve vision， with small adverse reactions and high safety.