OBJECTIVE： To provide baseline data for promoting rational drug use in children and further develop relevant study of off-label drug use. METHODS： Medical records of pediatrics inpatients aged below 18 years were randomly selected from a third grade class a hospital of Xinjiang during Mar. 2014 to Feb. 2015， to judge the drug use behavior according to the drug package inserts， and analyze the types of off-label drug use， age groups and drug varieties statistically by fund research group members and clinical pharmacists. RESULTS： According to the number of medical orders and medication records， 864 inpatients medical records were selected and the incidence of off-label drug use were 87.85％ and 46.94％. The types of off-label drug use mainly concentrated in the super frequency （39.33％） and super indications （33.01％）. The off-label drug use in the hospital mainly occurred in young children aged 1-3 years （69.01％） and children aged 4-11 years （28.44％）. The off-label drug use was widely found in various drugs. The incidence of off-label drug use for nutritional drug， respiratory system drugs and nervous system drugs were all in high level and higher than 50％. CONCLUSIONS： The phenomenon of off-label drug use is widespread in pediatric inpatients. Rational use of pediatric drugs shonld be promoted throagh off-label drug use intervention by authorties， epproved persons， clinical pharmacists and manufacturing enterprises.