OBJECTIVE： To observe the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin and capreomycin combined with chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB）. METHODS： 84 MDR-TB patients were randomly divided into observation group （42 cases） and control group （42 cases）. Observation group received 0.75 g Capreomycin sulfate for injection， addint into 100 ml 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection， intravenous infusion， once a day+0.4 g Levofloxacin hydrochloride tablet， orally， once a day+0.2 g Protionamide tablet， orally， 3 times a day+0.3 g Pasiniazid tablet， orally， 3 times a day+0.5 g Pyrazinamide tablet， orally， 4 times a day. Control group received 0.4 g Amikacin sulfate injection， adding into 100 ml 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection， once a day， intravenous infusion+0.3 g Ofloxacin tablet， orally， twice a day+Protionamide tablet （the same dose with observation group）+Pasiniazid tablet （the same dose with observation group）+Pyrazinamide tablet （the same dose with observation group）. All patient were given 0.1 g Glucuronolactone tablet， orally， 3 times a day. The treatment course for both group was 12 months. Sputum negative conversion rate， negative conversion time， symptom improvement time， lesion absorption and lung cavity closing， and cell immune indexes （CD4+CD25+/CD4+， CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+），IL-17 level before and after treatment， and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS： The sputum negative conversion rate， absorption rate， lung cavity closing and narrowing cases in research group after 3，6，9，12，18 months treatment were significantly higher than control group， sputum negative conversion time， symptom improvement time in observation group were significantly lower than control group， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Before treatment， there were no significant differences in CD4+CD25+/CD4+，CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+，IL-17 level in 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， CD4+CD25+/CD4+，CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+ in 2 groups were significantly lower than before， and observation group was lower than control group， IL-17 level was significantly higher than before， and observation group was higher than control group， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Levofloxacin and capreomycin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of MDR-TB， it can reduce T regulatory cells， increase IL-17 level， do not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.