OBJECTIVE： To explore the preventive effect and safety of levetiracetam combined with sodium valproate of diazepam on recurrent febrile seizures （FS）. METHODS： A total of 90 children with recurrent FS were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 45 cases in each group. Control group was treated with sodium valproate or diazepam orally. On the basis of control group， observation group additionally received levetiracetam orally， with initial dose of 15 mg/kg， bid， for 7 d， and then decreasing gradually； decreasing to 10 mg/kg on 8th-12th day， bid； decreasing to 5 mg/kg on 13th-15th day， bid； drug withdrawal on 16th day. The children of 2 groups were followed up for 1 years， and received routine test every 2 months. The times of fever， the rate of recurrent convulsion， the conversion of epilepsia and the incidence of ADR were recorded in 2 groups during follow-up period. The serum levels of NSE and S-100β protein were determined in 2 groups before treatment and 6 months after treatment. The intelligence and behavior ability of 2 groups were scored by Chinese Modified Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Children’s Adaptive Behavior Rating Scale. RESULTS： 3 children of observation group and 2 of control group were failure in follow-up. During the follow-up period， fever times and the rate of recurrent convulsion in observation group were significantly lower than in control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the rate of epilepsia conversion and the incidence of ADR between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， serum levels of NSE and S-100β in 2 groups were decreased significantly， and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. To the end of follow-up， verbal IQ， performance IQ and total IQ score of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group， and the cognition factor， social factor and behavior ability scores of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Levetiracetam combined with sodium valproate or diazepam can prevent the occurrence of recurrent FS， relieve cerebral injury and improve the intelligence and behavior ability of the children， so as to improve the life quality of Children.