OBJECTIVE： To analyze the volatile components in Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum and compare its differences. METHODS： HS-SPME was conducted for extracting volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum， GC-MS was used for detecting components， and area normalization method was adopted for calculating relative content of each component. RESULTS： The volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum were 25 and 18， accounting for 75.76％ and 64.29％ of total volatile components， respectively， and chemical components with the highest contents were β-caryophyllene and O-tolunitrile. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple，reliable， and can be used for the analysis of volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum. The volatile components show great differences in the kinds and contents， the study can provide basis for rapid identification of D. sophia and L. apetalum.