OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for rational use of human serum albumin for surgical inpatients. METHODS： The utilization of human serum albumin for surgical inpatients in a hospital during Jan.-Mar. 2014 was analyzed and evaluated by UHC Guidelines for the Use of Album， Nonprotein Colloid， and Crystalloid Solutions （2010 edition） and European Immune Globulin and Albumin Use Recommendation. RESULTS： Among the 556 patients， totally 895 human serum albumin application were conducted， mainly involving development of gastrointestinal surgery （29.7％）， hepatobiliary surgery （25.9％） and cardiothoracic surgery （13.1％）. The main reasons were correcting hypoalbuminemia （62.9％）， followed by albumin supplemented during major surgery （7.9％） and alleviating ascites in patients with cirrhosis （4.4％）； only 95 applications （10.6％） were considered appropriate. The most prevalent inappropriate reason was for correcting hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS： Human serum albumin in the surgical inpatients in the hospital shows a large amount， and low consistent rate between indications and guidelines. The rational standardized utilization of human serum albumin should be strengthened.