OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in pediatric department. METHODS： Retrospective analysis was used to select discharged medical records of 485 children with acute appendicitis from Jul. 2011 to Jun. 2013 （before intervention） and 503 cases from Jul. 2013 to Jun. 2015 （after intervention）， compare and analyze the rational use of antibiotics in perioperative period. RESULTS： After intervention， the rational rates of antibiotic selection， combined medication and replacement drugs of children with acute appendicitis in our hospital increased from 67.42％， 80.82％， 80.21％ to 94.23％， 93.24％， 88.27％， medication course decreased from （10.19±3.49） d to （7.83±3.15） d， the percentage of medication analysis in progress note increased from 83.09％ to 89.86％， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）； though rational rate of dosage and frequency increased， the difference was no statistically significant （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Comprehensive intervention can obviously improve the rational use of perioperative antibiotics， and also play a reference role in standardizing the rational use of perioperative antibiotics in pediatric department. The irrational use of antibiotics in perioperative period in our hospital is still not optimistic， which needs further intervention.