OBJECTIVE： To explore clinical efficacy and compliance of different doses of calf pulmonary surfactant combined with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome （NRDS）. METHODS： 90 children diagnosed as NRDS were collected from neonatal department of our hospital， and were divided into high-dose group， middle-dose group and low-dose group by random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. 3 groups received NIPPV combined with calf pulmonary surfactant； the dose of calf pulmonary surfactant in high-dose group， middle-dose group and low-dose group were 100， 70， 40 mg/kg， respectively. Blood gas indexes， treatment， hospitalization duration， treatment cost， the incidence of compliance were compared among 3 groups. RESULTS： Before treatment， there was no statistical significance in pH， PaCO2， PaO2， SaO2 among 3 groups （P＞0.05）； after treatment， above indexes of 3 groups were all improved significantly， and the high-dose group was significantly better than middle-dose group and low-dose group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in duration of ventilation， oxygen therapy duration， cure rate and treatment cost among 3 groups （P＞0.05）. Medication times and hospitalization time of high-dose groups were significantly lower or shorter than those of middle-dose group and low-dose group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The rate of complication in high-dose group， middle-dose group and low-dose group were 20.0％， 23.3％ and 16.7％， respectively， there was no statistical significance （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Calf pulmonary surfactant combined with NIPPV could effectively improve the blood gas status of newborn with NRDS. High dose of calf pulmonary surfactant can reduce hospitalization time and doesn’t increase treatment cost and the rate of compliance.