OBJECTIVE： To provide suggestions and countermeasures for improving the accessibility of national essential medicines. METHODS： Based on the theoretical analysis， the questionnaire was designed for the pre-survey and formal survey on the experts from universities， enterprises， government agencies and non-governmental organizations， and analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze and discuss the valid questionnaire. RESULTS： Totally 35 question naires were sent out and 27 were effectively received with effective rate of 77.14％. The physicians and pharmacists’ cognition of essential medicine system and essential medicine， and the reasonable degree of public bid prices of essential medicine， the fairness and impartiality of essential medicine bidding process were the key influential factors； the prescription， provision， reimbursement of essential medicine， and the financial compensation to primary public health care institutions that sell essential medicine by zero-slip were the secondary factors； primary health care institutions’ monitoring on the use of essential medicine （such as prescription rate， etc.）， the participation of social security sector in bidding and purchasing of essential medicine， the reasonable degree of pricing of essential medicine， the monitoring of the price of essential medicine， and the compensation to manufacturers of essential medicine were the general factors. CONCLUSIONS： The accessibility of essential medicine involves many stakeholders， whom impact from different levels. Therefore， all relevant stakeholders should be coordinated to gradually improve the accessibility of essential medicines.