OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for clinical rational drug use， diagnosis and treatment， controlling medical cost of patients.  METHODS： Taking “new rural cooperative medical system” （NRCMS） discharge patients in a district hospital from 2013 to 2015 as subjects， the possible influential factors of hospitalization cost were investigated. RESULTS： Hospitalization cost of NRCMS patients mainly included drug cost， treatment cost， examination and test cost， medical service fee and nursing cost， etc. The sum of the former 3 items accounted for 95％ of total cost， among which the proportion of drug cost was the highest. The influential factors of hospitalization cost in NRCMS patients were in descending order： hospital stay＞operation＞age＞year＞gender. CONCLUSIONS： To avoid the excessive increase of hospitalization cost paid by NRCMS patients， we should get down to work from these aspects such as strictly managing and controlling hospitalization stay， decreasing the rate of operations and the proportion of drug cost， and encouraging patients to see the doctor earlier.