OBJECTIVE： To explore the basic principles， advantages and application prospects of Bayesian mixed treatment comparison （MTC）， and provide theoretic support for making reasonable decisions of pharmacoeconomics. METHODS： The problems existing in model and method that had been used in the study of pharmacoeconomics as starting point， literature research was used to sort out the domestic development and applications of MTC and study its application and development prospect. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The evaluation methods of pharmacoeconomics play an important role in selection of essential medicines， medicare insurance directory medicines， basic health and basic public health programs， the results directly affect the total effective rate of medical resources’ configuration. The current research models cannot effectively solve the problem， for example， decision tree model is difficult to make evaluation of long-term treatment； Markov model and the use of multiple attribute utility theory are restricted by the model parameters； discrete event simulation is limited because it depends on the epidemiological study and clinical trial. MTC， an extension approach of the traditional Meta-analysis， is an effective new method developed recently to analyze and compare the direct or indirect evidence of several different clinical treatment factors in order to make a comprehensive evaluation of the various interventions in the absence of evidence support. So the MTC can make up for the limitation of current evaluation methods.