OBJECTIVE： To explore the strategy of competitiveness improvement of retail chain pharmacies in China under the impact of pharmaceutical electronic commerce. METHODS： The development of pharmaceutical electronic commerce in China is introduced. Major problems of retail chain pharmacies development are analyzed to put forward the strategy for promoting their competitiveness. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Pharmaceutical electronic commerce develops rapidly in China， and there are 3 major operation mode， ie. B2C online pharmacy， third platform and B2B purchase platform. The development of pharmaceutical electronic commerce greatly influences the further development of chain pharmacy. Considering rising costs， medical insurance policy adjustment and brand drug profits lowering， retail chain pharmacies must reposition its value； turn into big health （including diversified category structure， chronic disease management and in-depth professional service）； regard O2O E-commerce model as strategic move for rapid scale expansion in the future， so as to improve customer loyalty and long-term competitiveness.