OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for perioperative rational prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation. METHODS： 4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation were collected from a class A grade three hospital during Mar. 2013-Feb. 2015. The perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS： Of 4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation， there were 2 399 cases of prophylactic application of antibiotics （accounting for 57.10％）. Cephalosporins and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor were the main classes of antibacterials for preventive use， accounting for 45.60％ and 19.76％， respectively. The frequency of using cefazolin， ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ranked the top 3 places， among which there was 823 cases of unsuitable prophylactic medication time （34.31％）， and 855 cases of prophylactic medication time ＞48 h （accounting for 35.64％）. CONCLUSIONS： There still is unreasonable perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation in this hospital. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of antibacterials and conduct regular rational antibacterials use seminars in order to promote rational use of antibacterials.