OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of escitalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. METHODS: 106 patients with depression were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 53 cases in each group. Observation group was given escitalopram 10-20 mg, qd, and control group was given 20-40 mg, qd. Both groups were treated with 6 weeks. The levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and Hcy were observed in 2 groups, and HAMD and TESS were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS: Total effective rate of observation group (86.79%) was higher than that of control group (77.36%), with statistical significance (P>0.05); after treatment, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and Hcy decreased significantly in 2 groups, the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, emotion, mental anxiety, sleep disorder, cognitive disorder, somatic anxiety score and HAMD total score all decreased significantly in 2 groups, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). TESS score of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Escitalopram is similar to fluoxetine in the treatment of depression, but escitalopram can improve inflammatory response significantly and decrease the level of Hcy with mild ADR.