OBJECTIVE：To observe therapeutic efficacy of Rhodiola wallichiana injection for swelling and pain in fracture patients during perioperative period. METHODS：120 patients with closed fresh extremity long bones fracture were randomly divided into trial group and control group，with 60 cases in each group. Both groups received open reduction and plate fixation. Before and after operation， control group was given routine medicine and anti-inflammatory treatment；trial group was additionally given R. wallichiana injection 10 ml（250 ml added into 5％ Glucose injection）intravenously，qd，on the basis of control group. A treatment course lasted for 10 d. The swelling degree before operation，1 d and 3 d after operation，pain degree on the day of operation and 1，2，3 and 7 d after operation，complication and average length of stay were observed and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS：The extent of swelling and pain，the incidence of complications and average hospitalization days of trial group were lower or shorter than control group，with statistical significance（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：R. wallichiana injection can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis， ease the hydropsia and pain，relieve swelling and pain，reduce the incidence of complications and shorten hospitalization day.