OBJECTIVE： To evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS： In retrospective study， 24 NSCLC patients were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Shihezhi University School of Medicine and Karamay Center Hospital during 2012-2014. They were given erlotinib 150 mg， qd， or gefitinib 250 mg， qd， till disease changed or patients could not tolerate ADR. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by using WHO solid tumor short-term efficacy evaluation criteria； survival rate was observed and single factor analysis was conducted for different factor types， and the incidence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS： Among different pathological types， progression-free survival （PFS） of adenocarcinoma patients prolonged， compared to non-adenocarcinoma patients， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The main ADR were skin rash （45.8％） and diarrhea （16.7％）. CONCLUSIONS： Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors is effective for NSCLC； median PFS and median OS of adenocarcinoma patients is significantly higher than other pathological types， and ADR is slighter.