OBJECTIVE： To investigate the correlation of patients with end stage renal disease （ESRD） and antibiotics encephalopathy after giving ceftazidime. METHODS：Data of 20 ESRD patients with antibiotics encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed and included into observation group， and also 20 ESRD patients with no antibiotics encephalopathy were included into control group. Patients with no improved conditions in observation group were given hemodialysis associated with hemoperfusion after 2-5 days of ceftazidime withdrawal. The hemoglobin （Hb）， albumin （Alb）， serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， parathyroid hormone （PTH）， use time and cumulative dose of ceftazidime in observation group were detected and compared with control group. RESULTS：The age， use time and cumulative dose of ceftazidime in observation group were significantly higher than control group， Alb level was lower than control group， the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. 19 patients in remission and 1 died in observation group. CONCLUSIONS：The antibiotic encephalopathy in ESRD patients has correlation with elderly， hypoalbuminemia， use time and cumulative dose of ceftazidime.