OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving the level of rational drug use in public hospitals at county level. METHODS：The relevant indicator data of rational drug use in our hospital was analyzed，and the relevant indicator data of the hospitals at county level around it was investigated and analyzed，a total of 36 parts of rational drug use management indicator system was established，including administrative management indicators，outpatient management indicators，hospital management indicators， and drug procurement management indicators，and it was constantly improved and optimized. Meanwhile，relevant indicator data of rational drug use from 2010 to 2014 was statistically analyzed to evaluate the effect of the effectiveness of the system. RESULTS： In the 5 years，the drug revenues accounted for revenue ratio（the ratio of drug）decreased by 10.3％；the use indicators of antibiotics in clinic showed gradual optimization，the proportion of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions decreased from 57.1％ to 19.3％，the use rate of inpatient antibiotic decreased from 90.2％ to 56.3％，the proportion of type I incision operation preventive use of antibiotics decreased from 94.6％ to 28.6％，and the submission rate of microbiological sample of inpatients before they received the treatment of antibiotics increased from 8.4％ to 32.7％；the proportion of essential medicines increased 25.5％，and proportion of use amount increased to 24.1％；the application of the system promoted the improvement of rational drug use and pharmacy management level in our hospital，and also helped the hospital successfully passed the national three class comprehensive hospital evaluation. CONCLUSIONS：The established rational drug use management indicator system is comprehensive and feasible， and can provide reference for strengthening rational drug use management and medical and health system decision in China.