OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for vancomycin-induced neutropenia adverse reactions/adverse events in clinical diagnosis. METHODS： With a case of children with neutropenia treated by long-course and large-dose vancomycin， PubMed and CNKI were retrieved to collect related literature and the literature was analyzed. RESULTS： Neutropenia may be associated with vancomycin， based on causality criterion of adverse reaction in China. CONCLUSIONS： Vancomycin-induced neutropenia in children is most likely associated with prolonged exposure induced by infusion， vancomycin dosage should be reduced or stopped， and routine blood and plasma concentration should be closely monitored.