OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on abnormal plasma liver enzymes of tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang. METHODS： 1 746 tuberculosis patients receiving chemotherapy were collected from Xinjiang Aksu and Yili area and Urumqi Tianshan District during Feb. 2010-Aug. 2012. Clinical information of patients ages， gender， whether the purchace of in surance and the use of hepatoprotective drugs were collected and followed up， and liver function was detected at the end of enhancement period. Blood sample of patients were collected to detect virus hepatitis A， B and C blood serum marker and RsaI site polymorphism of P450CYP2E1. RESULTS： There were 233 patients with abnormal plasma liver enzymes， and the incidences of abnormal plasma liver enzymes were 13.34％[95％CI（11.75％-14.93％）]. Unconditioned Logistic regression analysis showed that prophylactic liver-protective medicine was risk factor to abnormal plasma liver enzymes [OR＝1.947，95％CI（1.464-2.589）]； the positive factor of abnormal plasma liver enzymes was associated with female [OR＝0.699，95％CI（0.522-0.936）] and health insurance payment [OR＝0.551，95％CI（0.413-0.734）]. CYP2E1 gene RsaI site polymorphism couldn’t increase the risk of abnormal plasma liver enzymes， without statistical significance （P＞0.05）.  CONCLUSIONS： There is a high incidence of abnormal plasma liver enzymes in TB patients， and liver function examination should be strengthened in the treatment， as soon as possible to prevent the occurrence of hepatotoxicity， to ensure the smooth implementation of tuberculosis control strategy.