图1 文献筛选流程图
纸质出版日期:2024-10-30,
收稿日期:2024-05-31,
修回日期:2024-07-05
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系统评价经动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合抗血管生成药治疗不可切除原发性肝癌(PLC)的有效性和安全性。
检索中国知网、the Cochrane Library等中英文数据库和Google、百度学术,收集TACE联合抗血管生成药治疗不可切除PLC的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为建库至2024年5月27日。筛选文献、提取资料、评价文献质量后,采用R 4.2.2和Stata 17.0软件进行网状Meta分析。
共纳入44项RCT,共计5 607例患者,涉及8种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,在延长中位总生存期(mOS)、中位无进展生存期(mPFS)方面,以TACE+阿帕替尼疗效最优,网状Meta排序前2位的为TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼;在提高客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)方面,以TACE+多纳非尼疗效最优,网状Meta排序前2位的为TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+仑伐替尼;安全性方面,以TACE+多纳非尼最优,网状Meta排序前2位的为TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+阿帕替尼。
TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+多纳非尼用于不可切除PLC患者的疗效均较好,且以TACE+多纳非尼的安全性最优。
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of unresectable primary liver cancer (PLC).
Retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, the Cochrane Library, Google, and Baidu Academic, randomized controlled trial (RCT) about TACE combined with anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of unresectable PLC were collected from the inception to May 27, 2024. After screening the literature, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the literature, network meta-analysis was performed using R 4.2.2 and Stata 17.0.
A total of 44 RCT were included, involving 5 607 patients and 8 interventions. The network meta-analysis results showed that for prolonging median overall survival (mOS) and median progression-free survival (mPFS), TACE+apatinib had the best efficacy, with TACE+apatinib and TACE+sorafenib ranking as the top two. For improving objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), TACE+donafenib had the best efficacy, with TACE+donafenib and TACE+ lenvatinib ranking as the top two. In terms of safety, TACE+donafenib was the best, with TACE+donafenib and TACE+apatinib ranking as the top two.
TACE+apatinib and TACE+donafenib have good efficacy for patients with unresectable PLC, and TACE+donafenib has the best safety profile.
据WHO估计,2020年原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)已经成为全球第六大最常见的肿瘤和第三大最常见的肿瘤死亡原因[
经动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)是指采用化疗药联合微粒、微球等组成栓塞剂,选择性地将栓塞剂插入到肿瘤组织所在的血管处,阻断肿瘤血供,以达到治疗目的。然而,TACE后肿瘤血供动脉局部缺氧会干扰肿瘤微环境,进一步增加肿瘤血管生成的风险[
(1)研究类型:本研究纳入的文献为随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),语种限定为中文和英文。(2)研究对象:经影像学检查或病理诊断为PLC;年龄≥18岁;患者性别、种族、国籍等不限。(3)干预措施:试验组患者采用TACE联合抗血管生成药治疗;对照组患者采用TACE单用或TACE联合另一种抗血管生成药治疗。(4)结局指标:结局指标包括中位总生存期(median overall survival,mOS)、中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)、客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)、不良事件(adverse events,AEs)发生率。(5)排除标准:研究类型为Ⅰ或Ⅱ期临床试验、会议摘要;不能完全获得结局指标的文献;重复发表的文献。
检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library和Google、百度学术,同时人工检索纳入文献的参考文献。中文检索词为“原发性肝癌”“肝癌”“经动脉化疗栓塞术”“索拉非尼”“阿帕替尼”“仑伐替尼”“舒尼替尼”“布立尼布”“安罗替尼”“奥瑞替尼”“随机对照试验”等;英文检索词为“primary liver cancer”“hepatocellular carcinoma”“transcatheter arterial chemoembolization” “TACE”“randomized controlled trial”“random”“sorafenib”“sunitinib”“brivanib” “anlotinib”“apatinib”“orantinib”“lenvatinib”等。采用布尔逻辑运算符排列组合进行检索,检索时限均为建库至2024年5月27日。
由2名研究人员根据纳入与排除标准独立提取数据并交叉核对,如遇分歧,则由第3位研究人员解决。提取数据包括第一作者、发表时间、国家、患者年龄、性别、样本量、干预措施、结局指标等。
根据Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献的质量,具体包括随机序列的产生、分配隐藏的实施、受试者和研究者盲法、结果评价盲法、数据完整性、选择性报告结局、其他偏倚,每项分为“高偏倚”“低偏倚”“不清楚”[
使用R 4.2.2软件中的“gemtc”“rjags”包以及Stata 17.0软件进行网状Meta分析,并绘制证据关系图。在贝叶斯框架下采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方案进行分析,参数设置为4条链,退火次数为20 000次,经过50 000次的模拟迭代完成建模。计量资料采用风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)表示,计数资料采用比值比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%CI表示。若研究间存在闭合环,需进行一致性检验,若该检验的P>0.05,采用一致性模型进行分析;若研究间未形成闭合环,表明仅存在间接比较结果,默认在一致性模型下进行分析。采用Rank图对治疗措施进行排序 [
初检得到相关文献1 575篇,经阅读标题、摘要及全文后,最终纳入文献44篇[8―51],共计5 607例患者,其中试验组2 805例、对照组2 802例。结果见
图1 文献筛选流程图
第一作者及 发表年份 | 国家 | 年龄/岁 | 干预措施 | 例数 | 结局指标 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
试验组 | 对照组 | 试验组 | 对照组 | 试验组 | 对照组 | |||
Meyer 2017[ | 英国 | 65 | 68 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 157 | 156 | ①②③④⑤ |
Kudo 2022[ | 日本 | 72 | 73 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 80 | 76 | ①② |
Kudo 2011[ | 日本、韩国 | 69 | 70 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 229 | 229 | ⑤ |
Hoffmann 2015[ | 德国 | 58.5 | 58.0 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 24 | 26 | ③④⑤ |
朱九荣 2024[ | 中国 | 54.90±5.54 | 54.26±4.68 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 24 | 24 | ③④⑤ |
池希 2022[ | 中国 | 47.7±3.3 | 47.6±3.4 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 50 | 50 | ④ |
顾雅雯 2019[ | 中国 | 32.53±6.58 | 31.53±6.58 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 26 | 26 | ③④ |
周松强2018[ | 中国 | 52.5±6.5 | 52.4±6.5 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 70 | 70 | ③④ |
易文城2018[ | 中国 | 55.37±9.17 | 56.56±8.96 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 30 | 30 | ③④⑤ |
游志坚2015[ | 中国 | 未提及 | 未提及 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 82 | 78 | ⑤ |
谭勇2015[ | 中国 | 未提及 | 未提及 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 29 | 28 | ③④ |
孙恒2014[ | 中国 | 54.5±7.9 | 53.9±8.2 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 81 | 81 | ③⑤ |
周仁贵2014[ | 中国 | 71.9±12.7 | 67.9±10.8 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE | 48 | 48 | ③ |
Xu 2018[ | 中国 | 62 | 60 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE+舒尼替尼 | 53 | 51 | ③④ |
Liu 2020[ | 中国 | 53.3±9.4 | 56.5±9.7 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 34 | 48 | ①②③④ |
Zhu 2019[ | 中国 | 56.1 | 58.9 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 44 | 44 | ③④ |
Chen 2024[ | 中国 | 50.3±10.2 | 52.5±8.9 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 62 | 53 | ②③④ |
Lu 2017[ | 中国 | 56.10±10.79 | 58.90±9.38 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 20 | 22 | ③ |
何苗2020[ | 中国 | 53.79±10.05 | 52.67±8.95 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 50 | 50 | ③④⑤ |
蒲嘉骐2019[ | 中国 | 未提及 | 未提及 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 45 | 45 | ③ |
李威2017[ | 中国 | 43.9±5.1 | 45.2±5.2 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 20 | 20 | ③④ |
翁志成2019[ | 中国 | 51.77±2.90 | 52.26±3.19 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 35 | 35 | ③④ |
黎莹2018[ | 中国 | 52.5±9.1 | 51.6±6.9 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 54 | 52 | ③④ |
凌冰2020[ | 中国 | 51.24±5.23 | 51.67±5.19 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 40 | 40 | ③④ |
曾筱怡2018[ | 中国 | 未提及 | 未提及 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 20 | 20 | ③④ |
陈巧辉2021[ | 中国 | 57.15±6.79 | 56.98±6.71 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 48 | 48 | ③④⑤ |
李鹏鑫2023[ | 中国 | 50.35±2.21 | 51.52±2.38 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 35 | 35 | ③④ |
梁赟2023[ | 中国 | 50.23±2.04 | 50.14±2.13 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 43 | 42 | ③④⑤ |
曾广源2018[ | 中国 | 56.40±8.80 | 58.82±7.50 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 38 | 38 | ③④⑤ |
黄文薮2020[ | 中国 | 51.06±2.79 | 52.18±2.55 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 36 | 36 | ③⑤ |
周杰斌2021[ | 中国 | 56.28±6.93 | 57.51±6.69 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 46 | 46 | ③④⑤ |
隋永博2024[ | 中国 | 56.45±6.36 | 57.32±6.57 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 50 | 50 | ③ |
黄锐2018[ | 中国 | 51.6±9.8 | 55.2±12.1 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 30 | 30 | ③④ |
杨庆2019[ | 中国 | 45.03±5.62 | 45.53±5.85 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 23 | 23 | ③④⑤ |
蔡争2020[ | 中国 | 46.57±4.23 | 46.28±4. 21 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 50 | 50 | ③④⑤ |
朱青2023[ | 中国 | 50.66±4.89 | 50.71±4.91 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 40 | 40 | ③④⑤ |
马萍2022[ | 中国 | 58.33±2.84 | 56.27±3.11 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE | 29 | 29 | ③ |
刘波2023[ | 中国 | 58.50±5.50 | 57.50±4.20 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE | 30 | 30 | ③⑤ |
张凤琦2022[ | 中国 | 56.34±5.56 | 55.32±6.31 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE | 40 | 40 | ③④⑤ |
Xie 2022[ | 中国 | 56.59±5.74 | 56.83±5.68 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE | 53 | 51 | ③④⑤ |
王闯胜2023[ | 中国 | 60.54±7.51 | 62.51±5.39 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE+多纳非尼 | 74 | 75 | ③④⑤ |
Kudo 2014[ | 中国 | 57 | 59 | TACE+布立尼布 | TACE | 249 | 253 | ①③④⑤ |
Kudo 2018[ | 中国 | 66.2±10.2 | 65.4±10.0 | TACE+奥瑞替尼 | TACE | 444 | 444 | ①⑤ |
常祖宽 2020[ | 中国 | 56.21±7.32 | 57.32±7.35 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE | 40 | 40 | ③ |
①:mOS;②:mPFS;③:ORR;④:DCR;⑤:AEs发生率。
所有研究均为RCT[8―51]。2项研究未实施盲法[
2.3.1 各结局指标的证据关系图
证据关系图结果显示,各结局指标均未形成闭合环,满足一致性假设。以mOS为例,其证据关系图见
图2 mOS的证据关系图
2.3.2 mOS
5项研究报道了mOS[8―9,22,49―50],共涉及5种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,与TACE比较,使用TACE+阿帕替尼患者的mOS显著增加(P<0.05);使用TACE+阿帕替尼患者的mOS显著高于使用TACE+索拉非尼、TACE+布立尼布、TACE+奥瑞替尼者(P<0.05)。结果见图3。
2.3.3 mPFS
4项研究报道了mPFs[8―9,22,24],共涉及3种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,与TACE比较,使用TACE+阿帕替尼患者的mPFS显著增加(P<0.05);与TACE+索拉非尼比较,使用TACE+阿帕替尼患者的mPFS 显著增加(P<0.05)。结果见图4。
2.3.4 ORR
39项研究报道了ORR[8,11―12,14―16,18―49,51],共涉及7种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,与TACE比较,使用TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+仑伐替尼、TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼患者的ORR显著增加(P<0.05);使用TACE+多纳非尼患者的ORR显著高于使用TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼、TACE+布立尼布、TACE+舒尼替尼者(P<0.05)。结果见图5。
TACE | ||||||
2.57(1.99,3.35)a | TACE+阿帕替尼 | |||||
1.29(0.56,3.01) | 0.50(0.21,1.20) | TACE+布立尼布 | ||||
12.31(3.61,42.95)a | 4.79(1.36,16.98)a | 9.51(2.16,43.27)a | TACE+多纳非尼 | |||
3.86(1.95,7.91)a | 1.5 0(0.72,3.20) | 2.99(1.02,9.12)a | 0.31(0.11,0.87) | TACE+仑伐替尼 | ||
1.90(1.29,2.90)a | 0.74(0.47,1.21) | 1.46(0.59,3.85) | 0.15(0.04,0.57)a | 0.49(0.22,1.10) | TACE+索拉非尼 | |
0.79(0.25,2.57) | 0.31(0.09,1.02) | 0.61(0.15,2.62) | 0.06(0.01,0.35)a | 0.20(0.05,0.79)a | 0.42(0.14,1.23) | TACE_+舒尼替尼 |
a:P<0.05。
2.3.5 DCR
31项研究报道了DCR[8,11―16,18,21―24,26,28―36,38,40―43,46―49],共涉及7种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,与TACE比较,使用TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+仑伐替尼、TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼患者的DCR显著增加(P<0.05);使用TACE+多纳非尼患者的DCR显著高于使用TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼患者(P<0.05)。结果见图6。
TACE | ||||||
3.18(2.26,4.55)a | TACE+阿帕替尼 | |||||
0.80(0.28,2.32) | 0.25(0.08,0.76) | TACE+布立尼布 | ||||
18.00(3.46,98.35)a | 5.67(1.04,31.72)a | 22.57(3.16,164.77)a | TACE+多纳非尼 | |||
5.59(1.95,16.87)a | 1.76(0.57,5.56) | 7.02(1.57,31.97)a | 0.31(0.09,1.10) | TACE+仑伐替尼 | ||
1.75(1.09,2.87)a | 0.55(0.30,1.00) | 2.19(0.69,7.11) | 0.10(0.02,0.55)a | 0.31(0.09,1.01) | TACE+索拉非尼 | |
0.90(0.22,3.69) | 0.29(0.07,1.20) | 1.13(0.19,6.57) | 0.05(0.01,0.45)a | 0.16(0.03,0.94)a | 0.52(0.14,1.92) | TACE+舒尼替尼 |
a:P<0.05。
2.3.6 AEs发生率
22项研究报道了AEs发生率[8,10―12,16―17,19,26,33,35―38,41―43,45―50],共涉及7种干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,各干预措施之间的AEs发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果见图7。
TACE | ||||||
0.84(0.28,2.53) | TACE+阿帕替尼 | |||||
7.5(0.23,287.09) | 8.89(0.23,408.86) | TACE+布立尼布 | ||||
0.4(0.01,17.61) | 0.48(0.01,24.83) | 0.05(0,9.02) | TACE+多纳非尼 | |||
0.85(0.12,5.67) | 1.01(0.11,9.11) | 0.11(0,5.89) | 2.12(0.08,55.88) | TACE+仑伐替尼 | ||
1.90(0.08,44.30) | 2.25(0.08,64.40) | 0.25(0,27.51) | 4.73(0.03,675.56) | 2.23(0.06,92.31) | TACE+索拉非尼 | |
2.16(0.63,7.96) | 2.55(0.50,14.37) | 0.29(0.01,12.06) | 5.35(0.10,314.13) | 2.53(0.27,26.71) | 1.13(0.04,35.5) | TACE+奥瑞替尼 |
a:P<0.05。
2.3.7 不同干预措施的网状Meta分析排序结果
网状Meta分析排序结果显示,mOS排序前2位的为:TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼;mPFS排序前2位的为:TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+索拉非尼;ORR排序前2位的为:TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+仑伐替尼;DCR排序前2位的为:TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+仑伐替尼;AEs发生率排序前2位的为:TACE+多纳非尼、TACE+阿帕替尼。结果见
排序 | mOS | mPFS | ORR | DCR | AEs发生率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank1 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE+多纳非尼 | TACE+多纳非尼 | TACE+多纳非尼 |
Rank2 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE+仑伐替尼 | TACE+阿帕替尼 |
Rank3 | TACE+布立尼布 | TACE | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE+阿帕替尼 | TACE+仑伐替尼 |
Rank4 | TACE+奥瑞替尼 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE+索拉非尼 | TACE+索拉非尼 | |
Rank5 | TACE | TACE+布立尼布 | TACE | TACE+奥瑞替尼 | |
Rank6 | TACE | TACE+布立尼布 | TACE+布立尼布 | ||
Rank7 | TACE+舒尼替尼 | TACE+舒尼替尼 | TACE |
对各指标绘制倒漏斗图。结果显示,各研究散点分布基本对称,提示本研究未有明显的发表偏倚。结果见
图8 ORR的倒漏斗图
本研究结果显示,在延长mOS、mPFS方面,均以TACE+阿帕替尼疗效最优,其次均为TACE+索拉非尼;在提高ORR和DCR方面,均以TACE+多纳非尼疗效最优,其次均为TACE+仑伐替尼、TACE+阿帕替尼;安全性方面,以TACE+多纳非尼最优,其次为TACE+阿帕替尼、TACE+仑伐替尼。
阿帕替尼作为一种小分子抗血管生成药物,能优先抑制血管内皮生长因子受体2(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR-2)酪氨酸激酶,轻微抑制c-Kit、c-Src和RET酪氨酸激酶。阿帕替尼可以选择性地与细胞内腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)结合域结合,抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖和迁移,减少肿瘤血管生成,抑制肿瘤形成[
多纳非尼为索拉非尼的氘代衍生物,主要通过作用于VEGFR、血小板来源生长因子受体等多种受体酪氨酸激酶,以及多种原癌基因编码的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma,RAF)和RAF/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶/胞外信号调节激酶信号转导通路,强效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤新生血管生成,从而发挥双重抑制、多靶点阻断的抗肿瘤作用[
本研究的局限性包括:(1)有关mPFS结局指标的纳入研究较少,结果的稳定性欠佳;(2)纳入研究中干预措施的剂量、用药顺序、疗程不一致,导致研究指标存在异质性;(3)网状Meta分析缺少联合治疗方案之间的直接比较;(4)虽然TACE+多纳非尼在安全性及改善患者ORR、DCR方面具有优势,但仅1篇文献干预措施为TACE+多纳非尼,其稳健性和可信性欠佳。
综上所述,在延长不可切除PLC患者mOS及mPFS方面,以TACE+阿帕替尼疗效最优;在提高患者ORR和DCR方面,以TACE+多纳非尼疗效最优;安全性方面,以TACE+多纳非尼最优。
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